Appositives

When a name and a descriptive phrase are paired in a sentence, punctuation matters. The second of the pair must be surrounded by punctuation – a comma in front, a comma or period after: “John Smith, the vice president, said” … “The vice president, John Smith, said” Note that the presence of an article (a,

Attribution punctuation

When attribution appears in the middle of a quotation, it is generally preceded by a comma. Whether it is followed by a period or a comma depends on whether it is placed in the middle of a sentence or between two sentences: “John went home,” she said. “I stayed behind.” … “John went outside,” she