Appositives

When a name and a descriptive phrase are paired in a sentence, punctuation matters. The second of the pair must be surrounded by punctuation – a comma in front, a comma or period after: “John Smith, the vice president, said” … “The vice president, John Smith, said” Note that the presence of an article (a,

Attribution punctuation

When attribution appears in the middle of a quotation, it is generally preceded by a comma. Whether it is followed by a period or a comma depends on whether it is placed in the middle of a sentence or between two sentences: “John went home,” she said. “I stayed behind.” … “John went outside,” she

Buried quotes

Direct quotations should be highlights of the article. Highlight them by giving each its own, separate paragraph – with no other sentences before or after it. Textbook: 19:3.A

Cities

AP rules for using city and state names are slightly complicated. For major cities, such as Chicago or Detroit, never use the state name. For smaller cities, use the state name if they are outside the state of publication (so, for us, outside Ohio) or could otherwise be confusing. When using state names in text,

Comma chaos

The rules governing when to use commas, and when not to, are many. Consult the textbook for details. Textbook: 16:1.G & following

Common confusion

Some words are commonly misused. Among them: “A part” means the thing indicated is included in the whole; “apart” means it’s separate. “Everyday” is an adjective describing something as commonplace; “every day” is an adverb showing that it happens daily. “Fewer” is used when the things described can be counted individually: “fewer coins.” “Less” is

Composition titles

AP does not use italics. Most titles of compositions – books, songs, movies, etc. – are enclosed in quotation marks. Textbook: 17:1.H

Course title

Stater style uses upstyle (capitalizing most words) and quotation marks around the full formal names of courses: “Introduction to the Art of Calligraphy.” Informal names or general references are lowercase: a math class. Stater style handout

Courtesy titles

In AP style, courtesy titles such as “Mr.” or “Ms.” are never used. “Dr.” is used only when someone holds a medical degree, not just a Ph.D. Textbook: 17:2.B

Days/dates

AP does not use the words “yesterday,” “today” or “tomorrow” or related words or phrases. Instead, it follows this rule: If the reference is to an event within one week before or after the day of publication, use the day of the week: Monday, Tuesday. If the reference is to an even further in the